Historical references List

Lithium Chemisty

lithium orotate

Nieper HA. The clinical applications of lithium orotate. A two years study.
Agressologie. 1973;14(6):407-11. PubMed PMID: 4607169.
Smith DF. Lithium orotate, carbonate and chloride: pharmacokinetics, polyuria
in rats. Br J Pharmacol. 1976 Apr;56(4):399-402. PubMed PMID: 1260219; PubMed
Central PMCID: PMC1666891.

Low-Dose Lithium Research*

LOW-DOSE LITHIUM: aging

1: Devanand DP, Strickler JG, Huey ED, Crocco E, Forester BP, Husain MM, Vahia

IV, Andrews H, Wall MM, Pelton GH. Lithium Treatment for Agitation in Alzheimer's

disease (Lit-AD): Clinical rationale and study design. Contemp Clin Trials. 2018

Aug;71:33-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.05.019. Epub 2018 May 31. PubMed PMID:

29859917; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6082137.

2: Devanand DP, Pelton GH, D'Antonio K, Strickler JG, Kreisl WC, Noble J, Marder

K, Skomorowsky A, Huey ED. Low-dose Lithium Treatment for Agitation and Psychosis

in Alzheimer Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: A Case Series. Alzheimer Dis

Assoc Disord. 2017 Jan-Mar;31(1):73-75. doi: 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000161. PubMed

PMID: 27819842; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5322244.

3: Lieu CA, Dewey CM, Chinta SJ, Rane A, Rajagopalan S, Batir S, Kim YH, Andersen

JK. Lithium prevents parkinsonian behavioral and striatal phenotypes in an aged

parkin mutant transgenic mouse model. Brain Res. 2014 Dec 3;1591:111-7. doi:

10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.032. Epub 2014 Oct 27. PubMed PMID: 25452026; PubMed

Central PMCID: PMC4254598.

4: Rej S, Beaulieu S, Segal M, Low NC, Mucsi I, Holcroft C, Shulman K, Looper KJ.

Lithium dosing and serum concentrations across the age spectrum: from early

adulthood to the tenth decade of life. Drugs Aging. 2014 Dec;31(12):911-6. doi:

10.1007/s40266-014-0221-1. Review. PubMed PMID: 25331906.

5: Sofola-Adesakin O, Castillo-Quan JI, Rallis C, Tain LS, Bjedov I, Rogers I, Li

L, Martinez P, Khericha M, Cabecinha M, Bähler J, Partridge L. Lithium suppresses

Aβ pathology by inhibiting translation in an adult Drosophila model of

Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014 Jul 30;6:190. doi:

10.3389/fnagi.2014.00190. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 25126078; PubMed Central

PMCID: PMC4115666.

6: Zhao L, Gong N, Liu M, Pan X, Sang S, Sun X, Yu Z, Fang Q, Zhao N, Fei G, Jin

L, Zhong C, Xu T. Beneficial synergistic effects of microdose lithium with

pyrroloquinoline quinone in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Neurobiol Aging.

2014 Dec;35(12):2736-2745. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.06.003. Epub 2014

Jun 14. PubMed PMID: 25018109.

7: Rapoport SI. Lithium and the other mood stabilizers effective in bipolar

disorder target the rat brain arachidonic acid cascade. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2014

Jun 18;5(6):459-67. doi: 10.1021/cn500058v. Epub 2014 May 15. Review. PubMed

PMID: 24786695; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4063504.

8: Zarse K, Terao T, Tian J, Iwata N, Ishii N, Ristow M. Low-dose lithium uptake

promotes longevity in humans and metazoans. Eur J Nutr. 2011 Aug;50(5):387-9.

doi: 10.1007/s00394-011-0171-x. Epub 2011 Feb 8. PubMed PMID: 21301855; PubMed

Central PMCID: PMC3151375.

9: Morón I, Gallo M. Effect of previous taste experiences on taste neophobia in

young-adult and aged rats. Physiol Behav. 2007 Feb 28;90(2-3):308-17. Epub 2006

Nov 15. PubMed PMID: 17112552.

10: Nonaka S, Katsube N, Chuang DM. Lithium protects rat cerebellar granule cells

against apoptosis induced by anticonvulsants, phenytoin and carbamazepine. J

Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Jul;286(1):539-47. PubMed PMID: 9655900.

LOW-DOSE LITHIUM: Memory

1: Devanand DP, Strickler JG, Huey ED, Crocco E, Forester BP, Husain MM, Vahia

IV, Andrews H, Wall MM, Pelton GH. Lithium Treatment for Agitation in Alzheimer's

disease (Lit-AD): Clinical rationale and study design. Contemp Clin Trials. 2018

Aug;71:33-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.05.019. Epub 2018 May 31. PubMed PMID:

29859917; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6082137.

2: Brown EE, Gerretsen P, Pollock B, Graff-Guerrero A. Psychiatric benefits of

lithium in water supplies may be due to protection from the neurotoxicity of lead

exposure. Med Hypotheses. 2018 Jun;115:94-102. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.04.005.

Epub 2018 Apr 11. PubMed PMID: 29685207.

3: Wang Y, Yin S, Xue H, Yang Y, Zhang N, Zhao P. Mid-gestational sevoflurane

exposure inhibits fetal neural stem cell proliferation and impairs postnatal

learning and memory function in a dose-dependent manner. Dev Biol. 2018 Mar

15;435(2):185-197. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.01.022. Epub 2018 Feb 2. PubMed

PMID: 29410165.

4: Huehnchen P, Boehmerle W, Springer A, Freyer D, Endres M. A novel preventive

therapy for paclitaxel-induced cognitive deficits: preclinical evidence from

C57BL/6 mice. Transl Psychiatry. 2017 Aug 1;7(8):e1185. doi: 10.1038/tp.2017.149.

PubMed PMID: 28763058; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5611721.

5: Devanand DP, Pelton GH, D'Antonio K, Strickler JG, Kreisl WC, Noble J, Marder

K, Skomorowsky A, Huey ED. Low-dose Lithium Treatment for Agitation and Psychosis

in Alzheimer Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: A Case Series. Alzheimer Dis

Assoc Disord. 2017 Jan-Mar;31(1):73-75. doi: 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000161. PubMed

PMID: 27819842; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5322244.

6: Sharma S, Taliyan R. Synergistic effects of GSK-3β and HDAC inhibitors in

intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced cognitive deficits in rats. Naunyn

Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2015 Mar;388(3):337-49. doi:

10.1007/s00210-014-1081-2. Epub 2014 Dec 31. PubMed PMID: 25547373.

7: Sofola-Adesakin O, Castillo-Quan JI, Rallis C, Tain LS, Bjedov I, Rogers I, Li

L, Martinez P, Khericha M, Cabecinha M, Bähler J, Partridge L. Lithium suppresses

Aβ pathology by inhibiting translation in an adult Drosophila model of

Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014 Jul 30;6:190. doi:

10.3389/fnagi.2014.00190. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 25126078; PubMed Central

PMCID: PMC4115666.

8: Aprahamian I, Santos FS, dos Santos B, Talib L, Diniz BS, Radanovic M, Gattaz

WF, Forlenza OV. Long-term, low-dose lithium treatment does not impair renal

function in the elderly: a 2-year randomized, placebo-controlled trial followed

by single-blind extension. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014 Jul;75(7):e672-8. doi:

10.4088/JCP.13m08741. PubMed PMID: 25093483.

9: Zhao L, Gong N, Liu M, Pan X, Sang S, Sun X, Yu Z, Fang Q, Zhao N, Fei G, Jin

L, Zhong C, Xu T. Beneficial synergistic effects of microdose lithium with

pyrroloquinoline quinone in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Neurobiol Aging.

2014 Dec;35(12):2736-2745. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.06.003. Epub 2014

Jun 14. PubMed PMID: 25018109.

10: Mauer S, Vergne D, Ghaemi SN. Standard and trace-dose lithium: a systematic

review of dementia prevention and other behavioral benefits. Aust N Z J

Psychiatry. 2014 Sep;48(9):809-18. doi: 10.1177/0004867414536932. Epub 2014 Jun

11. Review. PubMed PMID: 24919696.

11: Pouladi MA, Brillaud E, Xie Y, Conforti P, Graham RK, Ehrnhoefer DE,

Franciosi S, Zhang W, Poucheret P, Compte E, Maurel JC, Zuccato C, Cattaneo E,

Néri C, Hayden MR. NP03, a novel low-dose lithium formulation, is neuroprotective

in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2012

Dec;48(3):282-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.06.026. Epub 2012 Jul 10. PubMed PMID:

22796360.

12: Nunes MA, Viel TA, Buck HS. Microdose lithium treatment stabilized cognitive

impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2013

Jan;10(1):104-7. PubMed PMID: 22746245.

13: Margolis RL. Huntington Disease-Like 2. 2004 Jan 30 [updated 2012 Apr 26].

In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Stephens K, Amemiya A,

editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington,

Seattle; 1993-2018. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1529/

PubMed PMID: 20301701.

14: Zhu ZF, Wang QG, Han BJ, William CP. Neuroprotective effect and cognitive

outcome of chronic lithium on traumatic brain injury in mice. Brain Res Bull.

2010 Oct 30;83(5):272-7. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.07.008. Epub 2010 Jul

16. PubMed PMID: 20638460.

15: Macdonald A, Briggs K, Poppe M, Higgins A, Velayudhan L, Lovestone S. A

feasibility and tolerability study of lithium in Alzheimer's disease. Int J

Geriatr Psychiatry. 2008 Jul;23(7):704-11. doi: 10.1002/gps.1964. PubMed PMID:

18181229.

16: Zarrindast MR, Ebrahimi M, Khalilzadeh A. Influence of ATP-sensitive

potassium channels on lithium state-dependent memory of passive avoidance in

mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Nov 21;550(1-3):107-11. Epub 2006 Sep 7. PubMed PMID:

17022967.

17: Letendre SL, Woods SP, Ellis RJ, Atkinson JH, Masliah E, van den Brande G,

Durelle J, Grant I, Everall I; HNRC Group. Lithium improves HIV-associated

neurocognitive impairment. AIDS. 2006 Sep 11;20(14):1885-8. PubMed PMID:

16954730.

18: Li JS, Yang F, Zhao X. [Effects of lithium on rat hippocampus cholecystokinin

protein expression and learning and memory]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2005

Nov;34(6):678-80. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 16535834.

19: Goldberg JF, Sacks MH, Kocsis JH. Low-dose lithium augmentation of divalproex

in geriatric mania. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Apr;61(4):304. PubMed PMID: 10830157.

20: Houpt TA, Berlin R. Rapid, labile, and protein synthesis-independent

short-term memory in conditioned taste aversion. Learn Mem. 1999

Jan-Feb;6(1):37-46. PubMed PMID: 10355522; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC311279.

21: Wilson KC, Scott M, Abou-Saleh M, Burns R, Copeland JR. Long-term effects of

cognitive-behavioural therapy and lithium therapy on depression in the elderly.

Br J Psychiatry. 1995 Nov;167(5):653-8. PubMed PMID: 8564323.

LOW-DOSE LITHIUM: Neurologic complaints

1: Relaño-Ginés A, Lehmann S, Brillaud E, Belondrade M, Casanova D, Hamela C,

Vincent C, Poupeau S, Sarniguet J, Alvarez T, Arnaud JD, Maurel JC, Crozet C.

Lithium as a disease-modifying agent for prion diseases. Transl Psychiatry. 2018

Aug 22;8(1):163. doi: 10.1038/s41398-018-0209-4. PubMed PMID: 30135493; PubMed

Central PMCID: PMC6105724.

2: Jiang G, Pu T, Li Z, Zhang X, Zhou R, Cao X, Yu J, Wang X. Lithium affects rat

hippocampal electrophysiology and epileptic seizures in a dose dependent manner.

Epilepsy Res. 2018 Oct;146:112-120. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.07.021. Epub

2018 Jul 29. PubMed PMID: 30096484.

3: Greenwood SG, Montroull L, Volosin M, Scharfman HE, Teng KK, Light M, Torkin

R, Maxfield F, Hempstead BL, Friedman WJ. A Novel Neuroprotective Mechanism for

Lithium That Prevents Association of the p75(NTR)-Sortilin Receptor Complex and

Attenuates proNGF-Induced Neuronal Death In Vitro and In Vivo. eNeuro. 2018 Jan

17;5(1). pii: ENEURO.0257-17.2017. doi: 10.1523/ENEURO.0257-17.2017. eCollection

2018 Jan-Feb. PubMed PMID: 29349290; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5771681.

4: Lauterbach EC. Six psychotropics for pre-symptomatic & early Alzheimer's

(MCI), Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease modification. Neural Regen Res. 2016

Nov;11(11):1712-1726. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.194708. Review. PubMed PMID:

28123400; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5204212.

5: Bosche B, Molcanyi M, Rej S, Doeppner TR, Obermann M, Müller DJ, Das A,

Hescheler J, Macdonald RL, Noll T, Härtel FV. Low-Dose Lithium Stabilizes Human

Endothelial Barrier by Decreasing MLC Phosphorylation and Universally Augments

Cholinergic Vasorelaxation Capacity in a Direct Manner. Front Physiol. 2016 Dec

6;7:593. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00593. eCollection 2016. PubMed PMID: 27999548;

PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5138228.

6: De-Paula VJ, Gattaz WF, Forlenza OV. Long-term lithium treatment increases

intracellular and extracellular brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in

cortical and hippocampal neurons at subtherapeutic concentrations. Bipolar

Disord. 2016 Dec;18(8):692-695. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12449. Epub 2016 Nov 24. PubMed

PMID: 27882645.

7: Guttuso T Jr. Low-dose lithium adjunct therapy associated with reduced

off-time in Parkinson's disease: A case series. J Neurol Sci. 2016 Sep

15;368:221-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.07.027. Epub 2016 Jul 14. PubMed PMID:

27538637.

8: Lazzara CA, Kim YH. Potential application of lithium in Parkinson's and other

neurodegenerative diseases. Front Neurosci. 2015 Oct 27;9:403. doi:

10.3389/fnins.2015.00403. eCollection 2015. Review. PubMed PMID: 26578864; PubMed

Central PMCID: PMC4621308.

9: Payandemehr B, Bahremand A, Ebrahimi A, Nasrabady SE, Rahimian R, Bahremand T,

Sharifzadeh M, Dehpour AR. Protective effects of lithium chloride on seizure

susceptibility: Involvement of α2-adrenoceptor. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2015

Jun;133:37-42. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.03.016. Epub 2015 Mar 27. PubMed PMID:

25824982.

10: Sharma S, Taliyan R. Synergistic effects of GSK-3β and HDAC inhibitors in

intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced cognitive deficits in rats. Naunyn

Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2015 Mar;388(3):337-49. doi:

10.1007/s00210-014-1081-2. Epub 2014 Dec 31. PubMed PMID: 25547373.

11: Xu W, Ge Y, Liu Z, Gong R. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β orchestrates

microtubule remodeling in compensatory glomerular adaptation to podocyte

depletion. J Biol Chem. 2015 Jan 16;290(3):1348-63. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.593830.

Epub 2014 Dec 2. PubMed PMID: 25468908; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4340382.

12: Lieu CA, Dewey CM, Chinta SJ, Rane A, Rajagopalan S, Batir S, Kim YH,

Andersen JK. Lithium prevents parkinsonian behavioral and striatal phenotypes in

an aged parkin mutant transgenic mouse model. Brain Res. 2014 Dec 3;1591:111-7.

doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.032. Epub 2014 Oct 27. PubMed PMID: 25452026;

PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4254598.

13: Xu W, Ge Y, Liu Z, Gong R. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β dictates podocyte

motility and focal adhesion turnover by modulating paxillin activity:

implications for the protective effect of low-dose lithium in podocytopathy. Am J

Pathol. 2014 Oct;184(10):2742-56. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.06.027. PubMed PMID:

25239564; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4188873.

14: Mauer S, Vergne D, Ghaemi SN. Standard and trace-dose lithium: a systematic

review of dementia prevention and other behavioral benefits. Aust N Z J

Psychiatry. 2014 Sep;48(9):809-18. doi: 10.1177/0004867414536932. Epub 2014 Jun

11. Review. PubMed PMID: 24919696.

15: Mohammadianinejad SE, Majdinasab N, Sajedi SA, Abdollahi F, Moqaddam MM, Sadr

F. The effect of lithium in post-stroke motor recovery: a double-blind,

placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2014

May-Jun;37(3):73-8. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0000000000000028. PubMed PMID: 24824661.

16: Pouladi MA, Brillaud E, Xie Y, Conforti P, Graham RK, Ehrnhoefer DE,

Franciosi S, Zhang W, Poucheret P, Compte E, Maurel JC, Zuccato C, Cattaneo E,

Néri C, Hayden MR. NP03, a novel low-dose lithium formulation, is neuroprotective

in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2012

Dec;48(3):282-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.06.026. Epub 2012 Jul 10. PubMed PMID:

22796360.

17: Nciri R, Desmoulin F, Allagui MS, Murat JC, Feki AE, Vincent C, Croute F.

Neuroprotective effects of chronic exposure of SH-SY5Y to low lithium

concentration involve glycolysis stimulation, extracellular pyruvate accumulation

and resistance to oxidative stress. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013

Mar;16(2):365-76. doi: 10.1017/S1461145712000132. Epub 2012 Mar 22. PubMed PMID:

22436355.

18: Berger GE, Wood SJ, Ross M, Hamer CA, Wellard RM, Pell G, Phillips L, Nelson

B, Amminger GP, Yung AR, Jackson G, Velakoulis D, Pantelis C, Manji H, McGorry

PD. Neuroprotective effects of low-dose lithium in individuals at ultra-high risk

for psychosis. A longitudinal MRI/MRS study. Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(4):570-5.

PubMed PMID: 22239590.

19: Ghosh A, Dhumal VR, Tilak AV, Das N, Singh A, Bondekar AA. Evaluation of

nootropic and neuroprotective effects of low dose aspirin in rats. J Pharmacol

Pharmacother. 2011 Jan;2(1):3-6. doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.77079. PubMed PMID:

21701638; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3117566.

20: Zhu ZF, Wang QG, Han BJ, William CP. Neuroprotective effect and cognitive

outcome of chronic lithium on traumatic brain injury in mice. Brain Res Bull.

2010 Oct 30;83(5):272-7. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2010.07.008. Epub 2010 Jul

16. PubMed PMID: 20638460.

21: Basselin M, Kim HW, Chen M, Ma K, Rapoport SI, Murphy RC, Farias SE. Lithium

modifies brain arachidonic and docosahexaenoic metabolism in rat

lipopolysaccharide model of neuroinflammation. J Lipid Res. 2010

May;51(5):1049-56. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M002469. Epub 2009 Dec 29. Retraction in: J

Lipid Res. 2018 Aug;59(8):1547. PubMed PMID: 20040630; PubMed Central PMCID:

PMC2853431.

22: Zhong J, Yang X, Yao W, Lee W. Lithium protects ethanol-induced neuronal

apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Dec 1;350(4):905-10. Epub 2006 Oct 4.

PubMed PMID: 17045245.

23: Letendre SL, Woods SP, Ellis RJ, Atkinson JH, Masliah E, van den Brande G,

Durelle J, Grant I, Everall I; HNRC Group. Lithium improves HIV-associated

neurocognitive impairment. AIDS. 2006 Sep 11;20(14):1885-8. PubMed PMID:

16954730.

24: Xu J, Culman J, Blume A, Brecht S, Gohlke P. Chronic treatment with a low

dose of lithium protects the brain against ischemic injury by reducing apoptotic

death. Stroke. 2003 May;34(5):1287-92. Epub 2003 Apr 3. PubMed PMID: 12677021.

25: Manji HK, Moore GJ, Chen G. Lithium up-regulates the cytoprotective protein

Bcl-2 in the CNS in vivo: a role for neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in

manic depressive illness. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61 Suppl 9:82-96. Review.

PubMed PMID: 10826666.

LOW-DOSE LITHIUM: cancer

1: Ozerdem A, Ceylan D, Targıtay B. The Relationship Between Lithium and Cancer

Proliferation: A Case-Based Review of the Literature. Curr Drug Metab.

2018;19(8):653-662. doi: 10.2174/1389200219666180430095933. PubMed PMID:

29708074.

2: Peixoto-da-Silva J, Calgarotto AK, Rocha KR, Palmeira-Dos-Santos C, Smaili SS,

Pereira GJS, Pericole FV, da Silva S Duarte A, Saad STO, Bincoletto C. Lithium, a

classic drug in psychiatry, improves nilotinib-mediated antileukemic effects.

Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Mar;99:237-244. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.027.

PubMed PMID: 29334667.

3: Schleicher SB, Zaborski JJ, Riester R, Zenkner N, Handgretinger R, Kluba T,

Traub F, Boehme KA. Combined application of arsenic trioxide and lithium chloride

augments viability reduction and apoptosis induction in human rhabdomyosarcoma

cell lines. PLoS One. 2017 Jun 2;12(6):e0178857. doi:

10.1371/journal.pone.0178857. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 28575066; PubMed

Central PMCID: PMC5456379.

4: Gao S, Li S, Duan X, Gu Z, Ma Z, Yuan X, Feng X, Wang H. Inhibition of

glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) suppresses the progression of esophageal

squamous cell carcinoma by modifying STAT3 activity. Mol Carcinog. 2017

Oct;56(10):2301-2316. doi: 10.1002/mc.22685. Epub 2017 Jul 4. PubMed PMID:

28574599; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5583014.

5: Zhu J, Wang S, Chen Y, Li X, Jiang Y, Yang X, Li Y, Wang X, Meng Y, Zhu M, Ma

X, Huang C, Wu R, Xie C, Geng S, Wu J, Zhong C, Han H. miR-19 targeting of GSK3β

mediates sulforaphane suppression of lung cancer stem cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2017

Jun;44:80-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.02.020. Epub 2017 Apr 5. PubMed PMID:

28431267.

6: Furuta T, Sabit H, Dong Y, Miyashita K, Kinoshita M, Uchiyama N, Hayashi Y,

Hayashi Y, Minamoto T, Nakada M. Biological basis and clinical study of glycogen

synthase kinase- 3β-targeted therapy by drug repositioning for glioblastoma.

Oncotarget. 2017 Apr 4;8(14):22811-22824. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.15206. PubMed

PMID: 28423558; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5410264.

7: Hu QT, Liu CB, Li BY. [Glycogen synthase kinase3 and prostate cancer: An

update]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2017 Feb;23(2):178-182. Chinese. PubMed PMID:

29658259.

8: Elmaci İ, Altinoz MA. A Metabolic Inhibitory Cocktail for Grave Cancers:

Metformin, Pioglitazone and Lithium Combination in Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

and Glioblastoma Multiforme. Biochem Genet. 2016 Oct;54(5):573-618. doi:

10.1007/s10528-016-9754-9. Epub 2016 Jul 4. Review. PubMed PMID: 27377891.

9: Maeng YS, Lee R, Lee B, Choi SI, Kim EK. Lithium inhibits tumor

lymphangiogenesis and metastasis through the inhibition of TGFBIp expression in

cancer cells. Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 9;6:20739. doi: 10.1038/srep20739. PubMed PMID:

26857144; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4746585.

10: Li L, Song H, Zhong L, Yang R, Yang XQ, Jiang KL, Liu BZ. Lithium Chloride

Promotes Apoptosis in Human Leukemia NB4 Cells by Inhibiting Glycogen Synthase

Kinase-3 Beta. Int J Med Sci. 2015 Sep 20;12(10):805-10. doi: 10.7150/ijms.12429.

eCollection 2015. PubMed PMID: 26516309; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4615241.

11: Park N, Baek HS, Chun YJ. Embelin-Induced Apoptosis of Human Prostate Cancer

Cells Is Mediated through Modulation of Akt and β-Catenin Signaling. PLoS One.

2015 Aug 7;10(8):e0134760. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134760. eCollection 2015.

PubMed PMID: 26252009; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4529160.

12: de Araujo WM, Robbs BK, Bastos LG, de Souza WF, Vidal FC, Viola JP,

Morgado-Diaz JA. PTEN Overexpression Cooperates With Lithium to Reduce the

Malignancy and to Increase Cell Death by Apoptosis via PI3K/Akt Suppression in

Colorectal Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem. 2016 Feb;117(2):458-69. doi:

10.1002/jcb.25294. PubMed PMID: 26224641.

13: Cortés-Vieyra R, Silva-García O, Oviedo-Boyso J, Huante-Mendoza A,

Bravo-Patiño A, Valdez-Alarcón JJ, Finlay BB, Baizabal-Aguirre VM. The Glycogen

Synthase Kinase 3α and β Isoforms Differentially Regulates Interleukin-12p40

Expression in Endothelial Cells Stimulated with Peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus

aureus. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 22;10(7):e0132867. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132867.

eCollection 2015. PubMed PMID: 26200352; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4511647.

14: Ye Y, Chao XJ, Wu JF, Cheng BC, Su T, Fu XQ, Li T, Guo H, Tse AK, Kwan HY, Du

J, Chou GX, Yu ZL. ERK/GSK3β signaling is involved in atractylenolide I-induced

apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in melanoma cells. Oncol Rep. 2015

Sep;34(3):1543-8. doi: 10.3892/or.2015.4111. Epub 2015 Jul 6. PubMed PMID:

26151480.

15: Zassadowski F, Pokorna K, Ferre N, Guidez F, Llopis L, Chourbagi O, Chopin M,

Poupon J, Fenaux P, Ann Padua R, Pla M, Chomienne C, Cassinat B. Lithium chloride

antileukemic activity in acute promyelocytic leukemia is GSK-3 and MEK/ERK

dependent. Leukemia. 2015 Dec;29(12):2277-84. doi: 10.1038/leu.2015.159. Epub

2015 Jun 25. PubMed PMID: 26108692.

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zinc*

zinc: AGING

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S, Provinciali M, Malavolta M. Zinc supplementation can reduce accumulation of

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3: Sandusky-Beltran LA, Manchester BL, McNay EC. Supplementation with zinc in

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5: Miyata S. [Supplementation of trace elements in the general medicine]. Nihon

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7: Barnett JB, Dao MC, Hamer DH, Kandel R, Brandeis G, Wu D, Dallal GE, Jacques

PF, Schreiber R, Kong E, Meydani SN. Effect of zinc supplementation on serum zinc

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8: Warthon-Medina M, Moran VH, Stammers AL, Dillon S, Qualter P, Nissensohn M,

Serra-Majem L, Lowe NM. Zinc intake, status and indices of cognitive function in

adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015

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10: Flinn JM, Bozzelli PL, Adlard PA, Railey AM. Spatial memory deficits in a

mouse model of late-onset Alzheimer's disease are caused by zinc supplementation

and correlate with amyloid-beta levels. Front Aging Neurosci. 2014 Oct 22;6:174.

doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00174. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 25374537; PubMed

Central PMCID: PMC4205817.

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12: Giacconi R, Simm A, Santos AN, Costarelli L, Malavolta M, Mecocci P, Piacenza

F, Basso A, Fulop T, Rink L, Dedoussis G, Kanoni S, Herbein G, Jajte J,

Mocchegiani E. Influence of +1245 A/G MT1A polymorphism on advanced glycation

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aging. Aging Dis. 2012 Feb;3(1):91-129. Epub 2011 Sep 30. PubMed PMID: 22500273;

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18: Mocchegiani E, Romeo J, Malavolta M, Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Diaz LE,

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19: Mocchegiani E, Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Piacenza F, Basso A, Malavolta M.

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nutrigenomic approach. Biogerontology. 2011 Oct;12(5):455-65. doi:

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24: Rodondi A, Ammann P, Ghilardi-Beuret S, Rizzoli R. Zinc increases the effects

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27: Mocchegiani E, Malavolta M, Muti E, Costarelli L, Cipriano C, Piacenza F,

Tesei S, Giacconi R, Lattanzio F. Zinc, metallothioneins and longevity:

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28: Mocchegiani E; Zincage Consortium. Zinc, metallothioneins, longevity: effect

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30: Mazzatti DJ, Malavolta M, White AJ, Costarelli L, Giacconi R, Muti E,

Cipriano C, Powell JR, Mocchegiani E. Effects of interleukin-6 -174C/G and

metallothionein 1A +647A/C single-nucleotide polymorphisms on zinc-regulated gene

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31: Putics A, Vödrös D, Malavolta M, Mocchegiani E, Csermely P, Soti C. Zinc

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32: Kahmann L, Uciechowski P, Warmuth S, Plümäkers B, Gressner AM, Malavolta M,

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34: Uciechowski P, Kahmann L, Plümäkers B, Malavolta M, Mocchegiani E, Dedoussis

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May;43(5):493-8. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2007.11.006. Epub 2007 Nov 28. PubMed PMID:

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35: Mariani E, Mangialasche F, Feliziani FT, Cecchetti R, Malavolta M, Bastiani

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39: Meydani SN, Barnett JB, Dallal GE, Fine BC, Jacques PF, Leka LS, Hamer DH.

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zinc: MEMORY

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zinc: NEUROLOGIC COMPLAINTS

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zinc: CANCER

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lemon balm (melissa officinalis)*

lemon balm: Aging

1: Howes MJ, Perry E. The role of phytochemicals in the treatment and prevention

of dementia. Drugs Aging. 2011 Jun 1;28(6):439-68. doi:

10.2165/11591310-000000000-00000. Review. PubMed PMID: 21639405.

2: Perry E, Howes MJ. Medicinal plants and dementia therapy: herbal hopes for

brain aging? CNS Neurosci Ther. 2011 Dec;17(6):683-98. doi:

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3: Noguchi-Shinohara M, Ono K, Hamaguchi T, Iwasa K, Nagai T, Kobayashi S,

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4: Yui S, Fujiwara S, Harada K, Motoike-Hamura M, Sakai M, Matsubara S, Miyazaki

K. Beneficial Effects of Lemon Balm Leaf Extract on In Vitro Glycation of

Proteins, Arterial Stiffness, and Skin Elasticity in Healthy Adults. J Nutr Sci

Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2017;63(1):59-68. doi: 10.3177/jnsv.63.59. PubMed PMID:

28367927.

5: Chen SG, Leu YL, Cheng ML, Ting SC, Liu CC, Wang SD, Yang CH, Hung CY, Sakurai

H, Chen KH, Ho HY. Anti-enterovirus 71 activities of Melissa officinalis extract

and its biologically active constituent rosmarinic acid. Sci Rep. 2017 Sep

25;7(1):12264. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12388-2. PubMed PMID: 28947773; PubMed

Central PMCID: PMC5613005.

lemon balm: memory

1: Kandilarov IK, Zlatanova HI, Georgieva-Kotetarova MT, Kostadinova II,

Katsarova MN, Dimitrova SZ, Lukanov LK, Sadakov F. Antidepressant Effect and

Recognition Memory Improvement of Two Novel Plant Extract Combinations -

Antistress I and Anti-stress II on Rats Subjected to a Model of Mild Chronic

Stress. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2018 Mar 1;60(1):110-116. doi:

10.1515/folmed-2017-0073. PubMed PMID: 29668446.

2: Perry NSL, Menzies R, Hodgson F, Wedgewood P, Howes MR, Brooker HJ, Wesnes KA,

Perry EK. A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial of a combined

extract of sage, rosemary and melissa, traditional herbal medicines, on the

enhancement of memory in normal healthy subjects, including influence of age.

Phytomedicine. 2018 Jan 15;39:42-48. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.08.015. Epub 2017

Aug 18. PubMed PMID: 29433682.

3: Shojaii A, Ghods R, Fard MA. Medicinal Herbs in Iranian Traditional Medicine

for Learning and Memory. Iran J Med Sci. 2016 May;41(3 Suppl):S43. PubMed PMID:

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4: Mahboubi M, Taghizadeh M, Talaei SA, Takht Firozeh SM, Rashidi AA, Tamtaji OR.

Combined Administration of Melissa officinalis and Boswellia serrata Extracts in

an Animal Model of Memory. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2016 Aug 15;10(3):e681.

eCollection 2016 Sep. PubMed PMID: 27822272; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5097832.

5: Shojaii A, Ghods R, Fard MA. Medicinal Herbs in Iranian Traditional Medicine

for Learning and Memory. Iran J Med Sci. 2016 May;41(3):S43. PubMed PMID:

27516676.

6: Ozarowski M, Mikolajczak PL, Piasecka A, Kachlicki P, Kujawski R, Bogacz A,

Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Szulc M, Kaminska E, Kujawska M, Jodynis-Liebert J,

Gryszczynska A, Opala B, Lowicki Z, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Czerny B. Influence

of the Melissa officinalis Leaf Extract on Long-Term Memory in Scopolamine Animal

Model with Assessment of Mechanism of Action. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.

2016;2016:9729818. doi: 10.1155/2016/9729818. Epub 2016 Apr 28. PubMed PMID:

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7: Shakeri A, Sahebkar A, Javadi B. Melissa officinalis L. - A review of its

traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Jul

21;188:204-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.010. Epub 2016 May 7. Review. PubMed

PMID: 27167460.

8: Soodi M, Naghdi N, Hajimehdipoor H, Choopani S, Sahraei E. Memory-improving

activity of Melissa officinalis extract in naïve and scopolamine-treated rats.

Res Pharm Sci. 2014 Mar-Apr;9(2):107-14. PubMed PMID: 25657779; PubMed Central

PMCID: PMC4311288.

9: Perry E, Howes MJ. Medicinal plants and dementia therapy: herbal hopes for

brain aging? CNS Neurosci Ther. 2011 Dec;17(6):683-98. doi:

10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00202.x. Epub 2010 Oct 18. Review. PubMed PMID:

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10: Akhondzadeh S, Abbasi SH. Herbal medicine in the treatment of Alzheimer's

disease. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2006 Mar-Apr;21(2):113-8. Review.

PubMed PMID: 16634467.

11: Kennedy DO, Wake G, Savelev S, Tildesley NT, Perry EK, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB.

Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of

single doses of Melissa officinalis (Lemon balm) with human CNS nicotinic and

muscarinic receptor-binding properties. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003

Oct;28(10):1871-81. PubMed PMID: 12888775.

12: Kennedy DO, Scholey AB, Tildesley NT, Perry EK, Wesnes KA. Modulation of mood

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Alzheimer's disease: from ethnobotany to phytotherapy. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1999

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9884179.

15: Kennedy D, Okello E, Chazot P, Howes MJ, Ohiomokhare S, Jackson P,

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Function: Investigation of the Cognitive and Mood Effects of Mentha × Piperita L.

Essential Oil with In Vitro Properties Relevant to Central Nervous System

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Sass M, Buchwald-Werner S. Anti-stress effects of lemon balm-containing foods.

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17: Dos Santos-Neto LL, de Vilhena Toledo MA, Medeiros-Souza P, de Souza GA. The

use of herbal medicine in Alzheimer's disease-a systematic review. Evid Based

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cognition-enhancing properties. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(35):4613-23. PubMed PMID:

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19: Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, Ohadinia S, Jamshidi AH, Khani M.

Melissa officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate

Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. J

Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003 Jul;74(7):863-6. PubMed PMID: 12810768; PubMed

Central PMCID: PMC1738567.

lemon balm: neurological complaints

1: Hamedi A, Pasdaran A, Zebarjad Z, Moein M. A Survey on Chemical Constituents

and Indications of Aromatic Waters Soft Drinks (Hydrosols) Used in Persian

Nutrition Culture and Folk Medicine for Neurological Disorders and Mental Health.

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10.1177/2156587217714145. Epub 2017 Jun 21. PubMed PMID: 28633539; PubMed Central

PMCID: PMC5871290.

2: Hosseini SR, Kaka G, Joghataei MT, Hooshmandi M, Sadraie SH, Yaghoobi K,

Mansoori K, Mohammadi A. Coadministration of Dexamethasone and Melissa

officinalis Has Neuroprotective Effects in Rat Animal Model with Spinal Cord

Injury. Cell J. 2017 Apr-Jun;19(1):102-116. Epub 2016 Dec 21. PubMed PMID:

28367421; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5241506.

3: Hosseini SR, Kaka G, Joghataei MT, Hooshmandi M, Sadraie SH, Yaghoobi K,

Mohammadi A. Assessment of Neuroprotective Properties of Melissa officinalis in

Combination With Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells After Spinal Cord Injury.

ASN Neuro. 2016 Nov 3;8(6). pii: 1759091416674833. Print 2016 Oct. PubMed PMID:

27815336; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5098695.

4: Shakeri A, Sahebkar A, Javadi B. Melissa officinalis L. - A review of its

traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 Jul

21;188:204-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.010. Epub 2016 May 7. Review. PubMed

PMID: 27167460.

5: Bayat M, Azami Tameh A, Hossein Ghahremani M, Akbari M, Mehr SE, Khanavi M,

Hassanzadeh G. Neuroprotective properties of Melissa officinalis after

hypoxic-ischemic injury both in vitro and in vivo. Daru. 2012 Oct 3;20(1):42.

doi: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-42. PubMed PMID: 23351182; PubMed Central PMCID:

PMC3555743.

6: López V, Martín S, Gómez-Serranillos MP, Carretero ME, Jäger AK, Calvo MI.

Neuroprotective and neurological properties of Melissa officinalis. Neurochem

Res. 2009 Nov;34(11):1955-61. doi: 10.1007/s11064-009-9981-0. Epub 2009 May 7.

PubMed PMID: 19760174.

7: Awad R, Muhammad A, Durst T, Trudeau VL, Arnason JT. Bioassay-guided

fractionation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) using an in vitro measure of

GABA transaminase activity. Phytother Res. 2009 Aug;23(8):1075-81. doi:

10.1002/ptr.2712. PubMed PMID: 19165747.

8: Pereira RP, Fachinetto R, de Souza Prestes A, Puntel RL, Santos da Silva GN,

Heinzmann BM, Boschetti TK, Athayde ML, Bürger ME, Morel AF, Morsch VM, Rocha JB.

Antioxidant effects of different extracts from Melissa officinalis, Matricaria

recutita and Cymbopogon citratus. Neurochem Res. 2009 May;34(5):973-83. doi:

10.1007/s11064-008-9861-z. Epub 2008 Oct 14. PubMed PMID: 18853256.

9: Salah SM, Jäger AK. Screening of traditionally used Lebanese herbs for

neurological activities. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Feb 10;97(1):145-9. Epub 2004 Dec

13. PubMed PMID: 15652288.

lemon balm: cancer

1: Moacă EA, Farcaş C, Ghiţu A, Coricovac D, Popovici R, Cărăba-Meiţă NL,

Ardelean F, Antal DS, Dehelean C, Avram Ş. A Comparative Study of Melissa

officinalis Leaves and Stems Ethanolic Extracts in terms of Antioxidant,

Cytotoxic, and Antiproliferative Potential. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.

2018 May 16;2018:7860456. doi: 10.1155/2018/7860456. eCollection 2018. PubMed

PMID: 29887909; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5977058.

2: Magalhães DB, Castro I, Lopes-Rodrigues V, Pereira JM, Barros L, Ferreira

ICFR, Xavier CPR, Vasconcelos MH. Melissa officinalis L. ethanolic extract

inhibits the growth of a lung cancer cell line by interfering with the cell cycle

and inducing apoptosis. Food Funct. 2018 Jun 20;9(6):3134-3142. doi:

10.1039/c8fo00446c. PubMed PMID: 29790547.

3: Kowalczyk A, Bodalska A, Miranowicz M, Karłowicz-Bodalska K. Insights into

novel anticancer applications for apigenin. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2017

Oct;26(7):1143-1146. doi: 10.17219/acem/41978. Review. PubMed PMID: 29211364.

4: Chen SG, Leu YL, Cheng ML, Ting SC, Liu CC, Wang SD, Yang CH, Hung CY, Sakurai

H, Chen KH, Ho HY. Anti-enterovirus 71 activities of Melissa officinalis extract

and its biologically active constituent rosmarinic acid. Sci Rep. 2017 Sep

25;7(1):12264. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12388-2. PubMed PMID: 28947773; PubMed

Central PMCID: PMC5613005.

5: Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Monfaredan A, Shafie-Irannejad V, Abbasi MM,

Karimian A, Yousefi B. The herbal medicine Melissa officinalis extract effects on

gene expression of p53, Bcl-2, Her2, VEGF-A and hTERT in human lung, breast and

prostate cancer cell lines. Gene. 2017 May 20;613:14-19. doi:

10.1016/j.gene.2017.02.034. Epub 2017 Mar 1. PubMed PMID: 28259690.

6: Hamza AA, Ahmed MM, Elwey HM, Amin A. Melissa officinalis Protects against

Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats and Potentiates Its Anticancer

Activity on MCF-7 Cells. PLoS One. 2016 Nov 23;11(11):e0167049. doi:

10.1371/journal.pone.0167049. eCollection 2016. PubMed PMID: 27880817; PubMed

Central PMCID: PMC5120835.

7: Pérez-Sánchez A, Barrajón-Catalán E, Herranz-López M, Castillo J, Micol V.

Lemon balm extract (Melissa officinalis, L.) promotes melanogenesis and prevents

UVB-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in a skin cell model. J Dermatol Sci.

2016 Nov;84(2):169-177. doi: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.08.004. Epub 2016 Aug 4.

PubMed PMID: 27528586.

8: Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Modaeinama S, Abasi M, Abbasi MM, Jahanban-Esfahlan R.

Anti Proliferative Properties of Melissa officinalis in Different Human Cancer

Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(14):5703-7. PubMed PMID: 26320439.

9: Weidner C, Rousseau M, Plauth A, Wowro SJ, Fischer C, Abdel-Aziz H, Sauer S.

Melissa officinalis extract induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation in colon

cancer cells through formation of reactive oxygen species. Phytomedicine. 2015

Feb 15;22(2):262-70. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.12.008. Epub 2014 Dec 30. PubMed

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10: Queiroz RM, Takiya CM, Guimarães LP, Rocha Gda G, Alviano DS, Blank AF,

Alviano CS, Gattass CR. Apoptosis-inducing effects of Melissa officinalis L.

essential oil in glioblastoma multiforme cells. Cancer Invest. 2014

Jul;32(6):226-35. doi: 10.3109/07357907.2014.905587. Epub 2014 Apr 18. PubMed

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11: Ebrahimnezhad Darzi S, Amirghofran Z. Dichloromethane fraction of Melissa

officinalis induces apoptosis by activation of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways

in human leukemia cell lines. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2013

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12: Saraydin SU, Tuncer E, Tepe B, Karadayi S, Özer H, Şen M, Karadayi K, Inan D,

Elagöz Ş, Polat Z, Duman M, Turan M. Antitumoral effects of Melissa officinalis

on breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev.

2012;13(6):2765-70. PubMed PMID: 22938456.

13: Encalada MA, Hoyos KM, Rehecho S, Berasategi I, de Ciriano MG, Ansorena D,

Astiasarán I, Navarro-Blasco I, Cavero RY, Calvo MI. Anti-proliferative effect of

Melissa officinalis on human colon cancer cell line. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2011

Nov;66(4):328-34. doi: 10.1007/s11130-011-0256-y. PubMed PMID: 21964875.

14: Block KI, Gyllenhaal C, Mead MN. Safety and efficacy of herbal sedatives in

cancer care. Integr Cancer Ther. 2004 Jun;3(2):128-48. Review. PubMed PMID:

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15: de Sousa AC, Alviano DS, Blank AF, Alves PB, Alviano CS, Gattass CR. Melissa

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Bacopa (bacopa Monnieri)*

Bacopa: AGING

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13: Kumar N, Abichandani LG, Thawani V, Gharpure KJ, Naidu MU, Venkat Ramana G.

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Bacopa: cancer

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glycoside saponins of bacoside A in alleviating sub-cellular oxidative stress of

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2: Smith E, Palethorpe HM, Tomita Y, Pei JV, Townsend AR, Price TJ, Young JP,

Yool AJ, Hardingham JE. The Purified Extract from the Medicinal Plant Bacopa

monnieri, Bacopaside II, Inhibits Growth of Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro by

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5: Palethorpe HM, Tomita Y, Smith E, Pei JV, Townsend AR, Price TJ, Young JP,

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Exploring the Cytotoxic Potential of Triterpenoids-enriched Fraction of Bacopa

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8: Singh B, Pandey S, Yadav SK, Verma R, Singh SP, Mahdi AA. Role of ethanolic

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(MPTP) induced mice model via inhibition of apoptotic pathways of dopaminergic

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11: Das DN, Naik PP, Nayak A, Panda PK, Mukhopadhyay S, Sinha N, Bhutia SK.

Bacopa monnieri-Induced Protective Autophagy Inhibits Benzo[a]pyrene-Mediated

Apoptosis. Phytother Res. 2016 Nov;30(11):1794-1801. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5682. Epub

2016 Jul 19. PubMed PMID: 27432245.

12: Łojewski M, Pomierny B, Muszyńska B, Krzyżanowska W, Budziszewska B, Szewczyk

A. Protective Effects of Bacopa Monnieri on Hydrogen Peroxide and Staurosporine:

Induced Damage of Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Planta Med. 2016

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13: Mondal P, Trigun SK. Bacopa monnieri Extract (CDRI-08) Modulates the NMDA

Receptor Subunits and nNOS-Apoptosis Axis in Cerebellum of Hepatic Encephalopathy

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15: Pandareesh MD, Anand T. Neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic propensity of

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16: Katoch M, Singh G, Sharma S, Gupta N, Sangwan PL, Saxena AK. Cytotoxic and

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18: Priyanka HP, Singh RV, Mishra M, ThyagaRajan S. Diverse age-related effects

of Bacopa monnieri and donepezil in vitro on cytokine production, antioxidant

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21: Kalyani MI, Lingaraju SM, Salimath BP. A pro-apoptotic 15-kDa protein from

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23: Peng L, Zhou Y, Kong de Y, Zhang WD. Antitumor activities of dammarane

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24: Janani P, Sivakumari K, Geetha A, Ravisankar B, Parthasarathy C.

Chemopreventive effect of bacoside A on N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced

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Bacopa: mood

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*These studies and statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for regulatory purposes. these are clinical trials. These trials and products are not meant to diagnose‚ treat or cure any disease or medical condition. Please consult your doctor, or other qualified health care provider, before using any nutritional supplement discussed here, or before using these or any other product during pregnancy or lactation or if you have a serious medical condition.